Erosion and sediment control should be an integral part of every construction project. Preventing sediment from leaving construction sites is a major advancement toward improving water quality. In order to effectively design erosion and sediment control measures, a distinction must be made between erosion control and sediment control; and the role of each defined. Erosion control measures protect the ground surface and prevent soil particles from being detached by the force of raindrop impact and concentrated flows. Sediment control practices focus on the removal of suspended particles from runoff after erosion has occurred.

The first step in erosion and sediment control for a construction project should begin with proper design. No single measure should be relied upon as the sole method of erosion control and sediment control. Selection of the erosion and sediment control practices suitable should be made commensurate with the project goals and the overall performance of the selected practices.